Prinsip Hukum Ketuhanan Sebagai Fondasi Akuntabilitas Profesi Bidan: Kajian Literatur Lintas Tradisi Agama

Abstract

Midwifery accountability in Indonesia has predominantly focused on technical and legal dimensions, while the moral and spiritual foundations that sustain professional commitment remain underdeveloped in both theory and practice. This systematic literature review aims to analyze divine law principles across major religious traditions (Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism) as a foundation for midwifery professional accountability, and to propose a practical five-pillar integration model. Using thematic analysis, 20 studies were selected from 187 records across five databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, Garuda/Sinta). Four major themes emerged: (1) Islamic divine law (syariah) principles of hikmah, rahmah, adl, and amanah as the primary framework, anchored in QS. An-Nisa: 58's command to fulfill trusts and judge with justice; (2) Christian agape and ministry of presence as service orientations; (3) Hindu-Buddhist dharma and karma as moral causality frameworks; and (4) universal convergence points across traditions compassion, justice, honesty, and responsibility as a shared foundation for inclusive accountability. A five-pillar integration model is proposed: curriculum integration, divine values-based code of ethics, spiritual monitoring and evaluation systems, continuous professional development with spiritual components, and professional communities supporting divine values implementation. Empirical evidence consistently demonstrates that midwives with strong spiritual foundations exhibit higher patient satisfaction, lower burnout, and more sustained professional commitment. The article recommends integrating spiritual care competencies into national midwifery education standards.