Ukhuwwah Islamiyyah Sebagai Fondasi Solidaritas Komunitas Sehat: Kajian Korespondensi Ta'awun Islam dengan Keperawatan Berbasis Masyarakat

Abstract

Social solidarity in community health is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of health outcomes, yet its Islamic theological foundation through the concepts of ukhuwwah islamiyyah (Islamic brotherhood) and ta'awun (mutual assistance) remains undertheorized in the community nursing literature. In Indonesia, where the majority of community health actors and recipients are Muslim, understanding solidarity through an Islamic lens offers both deeper motivation and stronger ecological validity for community-based interventions. This systematic literature review aims to analyze the correspondence between ukhuwwah islamiyyah and ta'awun as foundational Islamic constructs with empirical evidence on community-based nursing and social solidarity, and to propose an Islam-grounded Theory of Community Solidarity. Using PRISMA 2020 protocol with thematic analysis, 45 studies were selected from 312 records across five databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar, DOAJ). Four major themes emerged: (1) ukhuwwah islamiyyah as the theological architecture of community solidarity, with QS. Al-Hujurat: 10 establishing the ontological basis of Muslim brotherhood that transforms solidarity from a choice into a religious obligation; (2) ta'awun as the operational mechanism of Islamic solidarity in health, encompassing material assistance (ta'awun fi al-birr), informational support (through pengajian and majelis taklim), and collective action ('amal jama'i); (3) the masjid and Islamic organizations as structural infrastructure of community solidarity that functions as an informal community health system; and (4) correspondence between five empirically-identified dimensions of community solidarity and the five dimensions of ukhuwwah. Key empirical findings: participatory approaches achieve effect size 0.74 (p<0.001); community solidarity interventions reduce morbidity by 23% and increase health-seeking behavior by 41% over five years. The article proposes an Islam-grounded Theory of Nursing-Facilitated Community Solidarity and recommends integrating ta'awun and ukhuwwah principles into community nursing education curricula and public health policies in Indonesia.