Ta'awun Islam Sebagai Fondasi Modal Sosial dalam Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
Keywords:
Ta'awun, Islamic Social Capital, Community Health, Ukhuwwah, Masjid-Based HealthAbstract
Social capital is an established determinant of community health outcomes, yet its Islamic theological foundation through the concept of ta'awun (mutual assistance) remains undertheorized in the public health literature. In Indonesia, where the majority of community health actors and recipients are Muslim, understanding social capital through an Islamic lens offers both deeper motivation and stronger contextual validity for community health interventions. This study aims to analyze the concept of ta'awun in Islamic teaching as the theological foundation of social capital in community health development, and to identify its correspondence with empirical evidence on social cohesion and health outcomes. Using a rigorous systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 protocol, with quality assessment using CASP and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, 20 studies were selected from 198 records across seven databases after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four major themes emerged: (1) ta'awun as the Islamic theological architecture of social capital; (2) Islamic social institutions as structural manifestations of ta'awun in community health; (3) five operational mechanisms through which ta'awun-based social capital improves health outcomes; and (4) implications for community health policy and nursing education in Indonesia. Findings demonstrate that the five mechanisms identified in the social capital literature health information diffusion, social-emotional support, collective efficacy, healthcare access facilitation, and policy advocacy each have direct correspondence with specific Islamic practices: pengajian/majelis taklim, masjid-based community networks, 'amal jama'i, zakat and sedekah, and organizational Islam. The article proposes an integrative conceptual framework of ta'awun-based social capital for community health and recommends its incorporation into national health policies and nursing education curricula in Indonesia.
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