Wasatiyyah Islam dan Ukhuwwah Sebagai Fondasi Asuhan Keperawatan Masyarakat Multikultural di Indonesia: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis

Abstract

Indonesia's extreme religious and cultural plurality demands a nursing approach that can simultaneously maintain professional standards and respect the diversity of patients' backgrounds. Islamic teaching, through the concepts of wasatiyyah (moderation), ukhuwwah insaniyyah (universal human brotherhood), and 'adalah (justice), provides a robust theological foundation for inclusive and equitable community nursing practice. This study aims to analyze Islamic values of wasatiyyah and ukhuwwah as the foundational framework for multicultural community nursing in Indonesia, and to examine their correspondence with international standards of transcultural and inclusive nursing. Using a systematic literature review with thematic analysis, 18 studies were selected from 174 records identified across five databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, SINTA/Garuda) following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Four major themes emerged: (1) wasatiyyah Islam as the theological architecture of tolerant professional nursing; (2) ukhuwwah insaniyyah as the ethical foundation for equitable healthcare across diverse populations; (3) Islamic moderation as Indonesia's national policy framework that aligns with transcultural nursing theory; and (4) implications for nursing education curriculum reform and national competency standards. Findings demonstrate that wasatiyyah provides a distinctively Indonesian Islamic framework that transcends the Western multicultural nursing models while being empirically compatible with them. The article proposes a three-pillar model of Islamic-grounded multicultural nursing competence and recommends integrating wasatiyyah principles into Indonesian nursing education curricula and community health service protocols.