Sabr, Tawakal, dan Ikhtiar Sebagai Fondasi Spiritual Asuhan Kebidanan: Kajian Perspektif Pendidikan Islam

Abstract

The psychological and spiritual dimensions of patients are critical yet often overlooked components of midwifery care. This study aims to examine the Islamic values of sabr (patience), tawakal (trust in God), and ikhtiar (active effort) as a spiritual coping framework in midwifery practice, as well as their implications for the quality of maternal health services in Indonesia. Using a systematic literature review with thematic analysis, 17 studies were selected from 162 records identified across five databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, DOAJ, and Sinta) after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four major themes emerged: (1) the theological and psychological foundations of sabr, tawakal, and ikhtiar as an integrated coping system; (2) psychophysiological mechanisms through which these values affect maternal wellbeing; (3) practical models for integrating Islamic spiritual values into midwifery care; and (4) implications for midwifery education and national competency standards. Findings indicate that sabr functions as an emotion-focused and meaning-focused coping strategy that reduces cortisol secretion and maternal anxiety; tawakal produces psychological security that facilitates cooperative decision-making; and ikhtiar reinforces self-efficacy and treatment adherence by up to 25% compared to patients without spiritual support. A three-stage integrative conceptual model is proposed: spiritual assessment, combined Islamic coping intervention, and outcome monitoring. The article recommends the integration of spiritual care competencies into Indonesian midwifery education curricula and the development of evidence-based spiritual care protocols for maternal health facilities.