Nilai Agama dan Keadilan Sosial dalam Keperawatan: Systematic Review Tentang Etika Profesional, Advocacy, dan Spiritual Care
Keywords:
Nilai Agama, Keadilan Sosial, Etika Keperawatan, Advocacy, Spiritual CareAbstract
Keadilan sosial dalam pelayanan kesehatan tetap menjadi tantangan yang persisten, terutama terkait akses dan kualitas layanan bagi populasi rentan. Nilai-nilai agama yang melekat dalam identitas profesional perawat, khususnya di masyarakat mayoritas Muslim seperti Indonesia, memiliki potensi besar sebagai kerangka moral bagi praktik keperawatan berkeadilan. Systematic literature review ini menganalisis peran nilai agama dalam membentuk conscience perawat, perilaku advocacy, spiritual care, keadilan distributif, dan transformasi kultur organisasi kesehatan. Dari 832 artikel yang teridentifikasi melalui delapan basis data, 58 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi setelah screening ganda independen dengan Cohen's kappa 0,82. Penilaian kualitas menggunakan CASP, JBI, dan MMAT menghasilkan skor rata-rata 7,4/10. Thematic synthesis menghasilkan lima tema analitis yang saling terkait. Analisis subgrup mengidentifikasi moderating factors termasuk konteks geografis, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, dan dukungan institusi. Bias geografis dan tradisi agama diidentifikasi dan didiskusikan secara kritis. Temuan menegaskan bahwa nilai agama berfungsi sebagai compass moral yang mengarahkan praktik keperawatan menuju keadilan sosial, sekaligus mengakui bahwa implementasi universal memerlukan adaptasi kontekstual.
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