Spiritualitas dan Nasionalisme dalam Pendidikan Keperawatan: Kajian Sistematis Terhadap Pengabdian Berbasis Agama di Indonesia
Keywords:
Spiritualitas Keperawatan, Nasionalisme, Pendidikan Keperawatan, Pengabdian Berbasis Agama, Kajian SistematisAbstract
Integrasi spiritualitas dan nasionalisme dalam pendidikan keperawatan merupakan isu strategis yang belum memperoleh perhatian memadai dalam literatur akademik, padahal dimensi spiritual dan kebangsaan berkontribusi penting terhadap pembentukan profesional keperawatan yang berkarakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara komprehensif peran pengabdian keperawatan berbasis agama dalam membangun kesadaran kebangsaan melalui kajian sistematis terhadap literatur yang relevan. Metode penelitian menggunakan systematic literature review dengan panduan PRISMA 2020, mencakup pencarian literatur melalui PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, dan Portal Garuda untuk artikel yang diterbitkan antara 2015 hingga 2024. Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel peer-reviewed yang membahas keperawatan, spiritualitas, agama, dan nasionalisme dalam konteks Indonesia atau negara dengan konteks sosio-religius serupa. Dari 247 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 28 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dijadikan basis sintesis. Dua reviewer independen melakukan seleksi dengan pelaporan inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa = 0,82) yang menunjukkan tingkat kesepakatan substansial. Hasil sintesis mengidentifikasi empat tema utama: integrasi nilai spiritual dalam praktik keperawatan, pengembangan kompetensi kultural dan sensitivitas religius, transformasi persepsi profesi keperawatan, serta implementasi model pengabdian berbasis nilai kebangsaan. Temuan ini mengarah pada proposisi framework Patriotic Spiritual Nursing sebagai kontribusi konseptual baru yang memperkaya Transcultural Nursing Theory dan Caring Theory dengan dimensi nasionalisme. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan integrasi kompetensi spiritual dan kebangsaan dalam kurikulum pendidikan keperawatan, reformasi kebijakan pelayanan kesehatan berbasis budaya, serta pengembangan sistem evaluasi yang mengukur kontribusi perawat terhadap pembangunan karakter bangsa.
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